Dietary Supplementation of Poultry for Designer Egg Production: A Review

Designer egg production has emerged as a promising area of research and innovation in the poultry industry, driven by the growing consumer demand for eggs with enhanced nutritional profiles. The fortification of eggs with essential nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants offers significant health benefits, including improved heart health, enhanced immune function, and protection against oxidative stress. Various dietary supplements, including plant-based phytobiotics, carotenoids, herbs, and fortified feeds, are being utilized to increase the levels of specific nutrients in eggs, such as vitamin E, selenium, zinc, and carotenoids like lutein and zeaxanthin. Additionally, supplementation with antioxidants, such as vitamin E and carotenoids, helps prevent lipid oxidation, preserving the nutritional integrity of eggs, especially those enriched with omega-3 fatty acids. Research indicates that dietary modifications can also increase the presence of bioactive compounds like immunoglobulin Y (IgY) in eggs, which may have therapeutic applications. This paper explores the methods of producing designer eggs, including the supplementation of hen diets with functional ingredients, and highlights the potential health benefits for consumers. As consumer interest in functional foods grows, the production of designer eggs could serve as a key strategy for addressing dietary gaps and improving public health.