Biosynthetic Pathways: Unlocking Nature's Medicinal Potential

Biosynthesis refers to the synthesis of natural products that occur within biological systems. Metabolic products are categorized as primary and secondary metabolites, which serve essential functions in the growth, protection, and survival of organisms. This account focuses on the biosynthetic pathways involved in the formation of major classes of natural products, specifically alkaloids, terpenoids and polyketides. The analysis includes specific reactions catalyzed by enzymes and co-factors involved in these pathways, as well as the regulation of biosynthesis. The understanding of biosynthetic enzyme assembly of complex structures enhances appreciation for natural chemistries and is instrumental in the redesign and utilization of these systems in bioengineering and synthetic biology, facilitating the discovery of new drugs and therapeutic targets.